UHF Detection of Partial Discharge in High-Voltage Air Insulated Switchgear Using Improved Vivaldi Antenna

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Tehran Regional Electric Company, Tehran, Iran.

2 Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

Abstract

Partial discharge (PD) is a major concern in high-voltage electrical equipment, and its detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of power systems. In high voltage (HV) air-insulated switchgear (AIS), which is commonly used in the transmission and distribution of electrical power, PD can occur due to various factors such as insulation defects, voids, or impurities. Detecting PD at an early stage is essential to prevent equipment failure and costly downtime. Ultra-high frequency (UHF) detection methods are widely used for PD detection in HV AIS, as they offer high sensitivity and the capability to detect PD signals over long distances. In this paper, we will discuss using Vivaldi directional antennas for PD detection in HV AIS, focusing on their advantages, challenges, and potential applications. The simulation was carried out using CST Microwave Studio, and the result revealed that the antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth of 100% in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 GHz with S11 ˂ -10. An average gain of 5 dB and a maximum gain of 8.62 dB are achieved at the operational frequency band.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Faghihi, F., Salemi, A.H., and Heydari, H., 2022. Developing a mathematical model to optimize polymeric insulators configuration in order to minimize leakage current under polluted conditions. Journal of Novel Researches on Electrical Power, 11(2), pp.33-38.
  2. Ghiasi, Z., Faghihi, F. and Shayegani-Akmal, A.A., 2022. Artificial neural network approach for prediction of leakage current of polymeric insulator under non-uniform fan-shaped contamination. Electric Power Systems Research, 209, p.107920.
  3. Ghiasi, Z., Faghihi, F. and Shayegani-Akmal, A.A., 2022. Investigation of leakage current and electric field of polymeric insulator with ring-shaped contamination under ice conditions. Electrical Engineering, pp.1-11.
  4. IEEE Alberta. (n.d.). Introduction to Partial Discharge (Causes, Effects, and Detection). Available at: IEEE Alberta PDF
  5. Schneider Electric Blog. (2024). Spotting the Invisible Threat in Medium Voltage Switchgear: Detecting Partial Discharge Before It Strikes. Available at: Schneider Electric Blog
  6. EA Technology Americas. (n.d.). Partial Discharge Testing (PD Testing). Available at: EA Technology
  7. Qualitrol Corp. (n.d.). What Causes Partial Discharge in Power Transformers and Gas Insulated Switchgear Substations. Available at: Qualitrol Corp
  8. (n.d.). Switchgear (AIS) Partial Discharge Sensors Application – CC-TEV. Available at: IPEC
  9. (n.d.). Partial discharge. Available at: Wikipedia (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  10. KPM Tek. (n.d.). Understanding Partial Discharge Measurements and Its Significance. Available at: KPM Tek (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  11. Omicron Energy. (n.d.). The Importance of Partial Discharge Testing. Available at: Omicron Energy (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  12. Qualitrol Corp. (n.d.). When and Why to Monitor Partial Discharge. Available at: Qualitrol Corp (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  13. IEEE Xplore. (2008). Partial Discharge Diagnosis in Electrical Systems. Available at: IEEE Xplore (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  14. Aviva Risk Solutions. (n.d.). Electrical Maintenance: Partial Discharge Testing and Monitoring. Available at: Aviva (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  15. (n.d.). Electrical Maintenance Inspection with PD Detection. Available at: Technomax (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  16. Roslizan, N.D., Rohani, M.N.K.H., Wooi, C.L., Isa, M., Ismail, B., Rosmi, A.S. and Mustafa, W.A., 2020. A review: Partial discharge detection using UHF sensor on high voltage equipment. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series(Vol. 1432, No. 1, p. 012003). IOP Publishing.
  17. Lu, H., Xu, H., Liu, X., & Yao, D. (2017). Development and Application of UHF PD Monitoring System Based on Directional Antennas for GIS. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 24(2), 899-906. Available at: IEEE Xplore (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  18. Chen, X., Xu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2019). Partial Discharge Detection using UHF Method with Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for GIS. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 34(5), 1672-1680. Available at: IEEE Xplore (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  19. Zhang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Design and Implementation of a UHF-based PD Monitoring System with a Bandpass Filter for High Voltage Equipment. IEEE Access, 6, 67135-67142. Available at: IEEE Xplore (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  20. Wang, J., Zhang, Y., & Liu, S. (2020). Real-Time Partial Discharge Monitoring and Early Detection Using UHF Technology for HV Switchgear. Electric Power Systems Research, 176, 105987. Available at: ScienceDirect (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  21. Liang, J., & Liu, Z. (2018). Enhancement of UHF PD Detection System with Signal Amplification and Noise Suppression Techniques. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 13(4), 1265-1272. Available at: SpringerLink (Accessed: 28 December 2024).
  22. Nickpay, M.R., Monajati, A.R., Loghmannia, P., and Hassani, H.R., 2014, May. Improvement of sensitivities of concentric single-layer elements for the design of reflectarrays using split double-ring. In 2014 22nd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)(pp. 1488-1492). IEEE.
  23. Nickpay, M.R., Omnidirectional Cylindrical Conformal Microstrip Array Antenna for UAV-UAV Telecommunications.
  24. Loghmannia, P., Kamyab, M., Nikkhah, M.R., Rashed-Mohassel, J., and Nickpay, M.R., 2013, May. Analysis and design of a low sidelobe level and wide-band aperture coupled microstrip antenna array using FDTD. In 2013 21st Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE)(pp. 1-4). IEEE.
  25. Haghparast, A., Rezaei, P., and Zilouchian, A., 2024. Compact triple-band ring-shaped printed antenna with circular polarization. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, pp.1-16.
  26. Mousavirazi, Z., Naseri, H., Ali, M.M.M., Rezaei, P., and Denidni, T., 2022. A low-profile and low-cost dual circularly polarized patch antenna. Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, 107, pp.67-74.
  27. Nickpay, M.R., Danaie, M., and Shahzadi, A., 2022. Wideband rectangular double-ring nanoribbon graphene-based antenna for terahertz communications. IETE Journal of Research, 68(3), pp.1625-1634.
  28. Beiranvand, E., Danaie, M. and Afsahi, M., 2020. Design of photonic crystal horn antenna for transverse electric modes. Optica Applicata, 50(3), pp.401-413.
  29. Haghparast, A.H. and Rezaei, P., 2024. Miniaturized, broadband, circular polarized horn antenna with groove gap waveguide technology. Radio Science, 59(8), pp.1-10.
  30. Zhang, Y., Lazaridis, P., Abd-Alhameed, R. and Glover, I., 2017. A compact wideband printed antenna for free-space radiometricdetection of partial discharge. Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, 25(2), pp.1291-1299.
  31. Yang, F., Peng, C., Yang, Q., Luo, H., Ullah, I. and Yang, Y., 2016. An UWB printed antenna for partial discharge UHF detection in high voltage switchgears. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 69, pp.105-114.
  32. Zachariades, C., Shuttleworth, R. and Giussani, R., 2019. A dual-slot barrier sensor for partial discharge detection in gas-insulated equipment. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(2), pp.860-867.
  33. Lozano-Claros, D., Custovic, E. and Elton, D., 2015, December. Two planar antennas for detection of partial discharge in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNESTAT)(pp. 8-15). IEEE.
  34. Park, S. and Jung, K.Y., 2020. Design of a circularly-polarized UHF antenna for partial discharge detection. IEEE access, 8, pp.81644-81650.
  35. Li, J., Jiang, T., Cheng, C., and Wang, C., 2013. Hilbert fractal antenna for UHF detection of partial discharges in transformers. IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation, 20(6), pp.2017-2025.
  36. Jung, J.R., Hwang, K.R., Kim, Y.M., Lyu, E.T. and Yang, H.J., 2012, September. Sensitivity verification and application of UHF sensor for partial discharge measurement in high voltage power transformer. In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis(pp. 277-280). IEEE.
  37. Zhang, X., Cheng, Z. and Gui, Y., 2016. Design of a new built-in UHF multi-frequency antenna sensor for partial discharge detection in high-voltage switchgears. Sensors, 16(8), p.1170.
  38. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) (2000) IEC 60270: High-voltage test techniques – Partial discharge measurements. International Electrotechnical Commission.
  39. Lu, H., Xu, H. & Yao, D. (2017). 'Development and Application of UHF PD Monitoring System Based on Directional Antennas for GIS', IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 24(2), pp. 899-906.
  40. Chen, X., Xu, Y. and Zhang, L. (2019) 'Partial Discharge Detection Using UHF Method with Advanced Signal Processing Techniques for GIS', IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 34(5), pp. 1672-1680.
  41. Xavier, G.V., da Costa, E.G., Serres, A.J., Nobrega, L.A., Oliveira, A.C. and Sousa, H.F., 2019. Design and application of a circular printed monopole antenna in partial discharge detection. IEEE Sensors Journal, 19(10), pp.3718-3725.
  42. Yang, Q., Yang, F., Gao, B., Ran, J., Wang, S., Shen, W. and Ammad, J., 2019. Design of Ultra-Wide Band Metal-Mountable Antenna for UHF Partial Discharge Detection [J]. IEEE Access, 7(1), pp.60163-60170.
  43. Albarracín, R., Robles, G., Martínez-Tarifa, J.M. and Ardila-Rey, J., 2015. Separation of sources in radiofrequency measurements of partial discharges using time–power ratio maps. ISA transactions, 58, pp.389-397.
  44. Uwiringiyimana, J.P. and Khayam, U., 2019, July. Measurement of partial discharge in air insulation by using UHF double layer bowtie antenna with modified wings edges. In 2019 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI)(pp. 228-233). IEEE.
  45. Khan, Q., Refaat, S.S., Abu-Rub, H. and Toliyat, H.A., 2019. Partial discharge detection and diagnosis in gas insulated switchgear: State of the art. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 35(4), pp.16-33.
  46. Yang, F., Peng, C., Yang, Q., Luo, H., Ullah, I. and Yang, Y., 2016. An UWB printed antenna for partial discharge UHF detection in high voltage switchgears. Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, 69, pp.105-114.
  47. Upton, D.W., Mistry, K.K., Mather, P.J., Zaharis, Z.D., Atkinson, R.C., Tachtatzis, C. and Lazaridis, P.I., 2021. A review of techniques for RSS-based radiometric partial discharge localization. Sensors, 21(3), p.909.
  48. Azam, S.K., Othman, M., Illias, H.A., Latef, T.A., Islam, M.T. and Ain, M.F., 2023. Ultra-high frequency printable antennas for partial discharge diagnostics in high voltage equipment. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 64, pp.709-729.
  49. Amirabadi Farahani, R., Faghihi, F. and Afgheei, S.E., 2019. Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) in a Canal Consist of High Voltage and Telecommunication Cable. TABRIZ JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, 49(1), pp.63-70.
  50. UltraTEV® Plus2, UHF Directional Antenna
  51. Ren, J., Fan, H., Tang, Q., Yu, Z., Xiao, Y. and Zhou, X., 2022. An ultra-wideband vivaldi antenna system for long-distance electromagnetic detection. Applied Sciences, 12(1), p.528.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 20 February 2025
  • Accept Date: 24 September 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics