Coordinated Fuzzy Control of SSSC and SMES for Frequency Control in a DFIG Integrated Power System

Sasani, Ahmad; Sedighizadeh, Mostafa; Keypour, Reza

doi:10.22075/mseee.2025.34911.1182

Coordinated Fuzzy Control of SSSC and SMES for Frequency Control in a DFIG Integrated Power System

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Ahmad Sasani ¹

Mostafa Sedighizadeh ²

Reza Keypour ³

¹ Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

² Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.

³ Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

10.22075/mseee.2025.34911.1182

Abstract

Nowadays, one of the features of developed countries is that they benefit from a highly reliable and stable electricity grid. In recent decades, the growth of power electronics technology has assisted this development. Flexible alternating current system (FACTS) devices are power electronics devices in the AC transmission grid. This paper evaluates the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) in series with the transmission line and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) placed at the end of the line to reduce grid frequency disturbances. The challenge is addressed by finding the optimal values for SSSC and SMES in the transmission grid using fuzzy logic, which is based on human decisions. Moreover, this paper investigates the effect of the presence and absence of variable-speed doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-type wind turbines. By increasing the penetration of variable-speed wind turbines in the grid, the equivalent system inertial is reduced, the ability to adjust the grid frequency is weakened, and the possibility of instability and even grid collapse after the frequency drop is increased. To this end, upon detection of frequency deviation in the grid, additional power is applied to the power system as a function of the grid frequency deviation by allocating a wind turbine with a control loop. In the absence of DFIG, the effect of only the optimized SMES-SSSC is investigated. This simulation is conducted using MATLAB/Simulink, and it is indicated that the error signal in determining the SMES and SSSC parameters is significantly reduced compared to previous studies, thanks to employing the fuzzy algorithm.

Keywords

Optimum point

DFIG

Fuzzy

SSSC

SMES

Subjects

Power System

[1] P. Dash, A. Saha, and N. R. Babu, “Impacts of FACTS controllers in frequency regulation services of modern restructured power system,” in *Advanced Frequency Regulation Strategies in Renewable-Dominated Power Systems*. Academic Press, 2024, pp. 307–344.

[2] M. N. Mamyrov, A. V. Golovina, and A. N. Belyaev, “Stability of long-distance interconnection with FACTS controlled devices,” in *Proc. 2022 Conf. Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus)*, 2022, pp. 1221–1225.

[3] S. Tripathi, V. P. Singh, N. Kishor, and A. S. Pandey, “Load frequency control of power system considering electric vehicles’ aggregator with communication delay,” *Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.*, vol. 145, Art. no. 108697, 2023.

[4] A. Naveed, S. Sonmez, and S. Ayasun, “Impact of electric vehicle aggregator with communication time delay on stability regions and stability delay margins in load frequency control system,” *J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy*, vol. 9, pp. 595–601, 2021.

[5] S. Kumar and S. K. Gupta, “Enhancing the performance of hybrid power system using SMES-UPFC and tuned with genetic algorithms,” in *Proc. 2024 Int. Conf. Communication, Computer Sciences and Engineering (IC3SE)*, May 2024, pp. 1834–1838.

[6] V. Nath, “Optimal load frequency control of interlinked nonlinear power system integrated with SMES-TCSC and HVDC,” *ASEAN Eng. J.*, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 123–136, 2024.

[7] K. Nagendra, K. Varun, G. Pal, K. Santosh, S. Semwal, M. Badoni, and R. Kumar, “A comprehensive approach to load frequency control in hybrid power systems incorporating renewable and conventional sources with electric vehicles and superconducting magnetic energy storage,” *Energies*, vol. 17, no. 23, 2024.

[8] S. Kumar and S. K. Gupta, “A combined Simulink model of hybrid system using SMES, TCSC tuned using cuckoo search,” in *Proc. 2023 9th IEEE India Int. Conf. Power Electron. (IICPE)*, Nov. 2023, pp. 1–6.

[9] S. Kumari and P. K. Pathak, “A state-of-the-art review on recent load frequency control architectures of various power system configurations,” *Electr. Power Compon. Syst.*, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 722–765, 2024.

[10] E. A. Mohamed, E. Gouda, and Y. Mitani, “Impact of SMES integration on the digital frequency relay operation considering high PV/wind penetration in micro-grid,” *Energy Procedia*, vol. 157, pp. 1292–1304, 2019.

[11] E. M. Carlini, C. Quaciari, G. M. Giannuzzi, C. Gadaleta, C. Pisani, M. Migliori, et al., “Series compensation to increase system stability: Static and dynamic assessment,” in *Proc. 2024 IEEE Int. Humanitarian Technologies Conf. (IHTC)*, Nov. 2024, pp. 1–6.

[12] S. Chaine and M. Tripathy, “Performance of CSA optimized controllers of DFIGs and AGC to improve frequency regulation of a wind integrated hydrothermal power system,” *Alex. Eng. J.*, vol. 58, pp. 579–590, 2019.

[13] M. Amir and K. Singh, “Frequency regulation strategies in renewable energy-dominated power systems: Issues, challenges, innovations, and future trends,” in *Advanced Frequency Regulation Strategies in Renewable-Dominated Power Systems*. Academic Press, 2024, pp. 367–381.

[14] P. Bhatt, S. P. Ghoshal, and R. Roy, “Coordinated control of TCPS and SMES for frequency regulation of interconnected restructured power systems with dynamic participation from DFIG based wind farm,” *Renew. Energy*, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 40–50, 2012.

[15] P. Kundur, *Power System Stability and Control*. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1994.

[16] A. Modirkhazeni, O. NaghashAlmasi, and M. H. Khooban, “Improved frequency dynamic in isolated hybrid power system using an intelligent method,” *Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.*, vol. 78, pp. 225–238, 2016.

[17] V. Kumar, V. Sharma, and R. Naresh, “Leader Harris Hawks algorithm based optimal controller for automatic generation control in PV-hydro-wind integrated power network,” *Electr. Power Syst. Res.*, vol. 214, Art. no. 108924, 2023.

[18] H. Shukla, S. Nikolovski, M. Raju, A. S. Rana, and P. Kumar, “A particle swarm optimization technique tuned TID controller for frequency and voltage regulation with penetration of electric vehicles and distributed generations,” *Energies*, vol. 15, Art. no. 8225, 2022.

[19] A. A. Hossam-Eldin, E. Negm, M. Ragab, and K. M. AboRas, “A maiden robust FPIDD2 regulator for frequency-voltage enhancement in a hybrid interconnected power system using gradient-based optimizer,” *Alex. Eng. J.*, 2022, in press.

[20] P. Bhatt, “Comparative short term active power support from DFIG with coordinated control of SSSC and SMES in restructured power system,” *Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst.*, vol. 33, pp. 1585–1597, 2011.