Benchmarking Foundational AI Models for the Future-Oriented Simulation of Microwave Integrated Circuit Components

Mohammadpour Jaghargh, Saeid; Rezaei, Pejman; Rezaei, Mohammad Ali

doi:10.22075/mseee.2026.40888.1264

Benchmarking Foundational AI Models for the Future-Oriented Simulation of Microwave Integrated Circuit Components

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

Saeid Mohammadpour Jaghargh

Pejman Rezaei

Mohammad Ali Rezaei

Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.

10.22075/mseee.2026.40888.1264

Abstract

Owing to the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its growing impact on electromagnetism, this work—as a future-oriented perspective study—investigates the accuracy of several new large language models (LLMs) in the design, estimation, and simulation of monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) components. As a classical case study, a microstrip parallel-coupled line bandpass filter is designed in the X-band frequency range; following that, it is simulated using three foundational models and compared against two accurate, full-wave, conventional electromagnetic (EM) simulators–i.e., the finite element method (FEM) and the method of moments (MoM)–as well as experimental measurement results. Despite the fact that some LLMs could not satisfy the necessities and demands of EM simulations, the net results demonstrate that although LLMs could serve as useful assistants to those energy-intensive full-wave simulators, especially when integrated with them, and might stand as promising near-future candidates for EM simulations, in their present form they fail to produce physically consistent results for quantitative EM simulation; nevertheless, their high processing speed, accessibility, and growing adoption suggest that with future physics-informed training and architectural improvements, they could evolve into useful supplementary tools for the EM field.

Keywords

Artificial intelligence (AI)

large language model (LLM)

microstrip bandpass filter

monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC)

parallel-coupled line filter

Subjects

Communication System

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